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INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION 1876 
PHILADELPHIA 




PHOIO-UIH BY lAHOR 1 SMITH. 1U 8. FOUIITH ST., PHIIA. 



/ 



UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 



titertiaiktwl Wxliibllwti 



FAIRMOUNT PARK, 



PHILADELPHIA. 



iSi 



ACTS OF CONGRESS. 

RULES AND REGULATIONS. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDINGS. 



PHILADELPHIA: 
May 1875. 



. <^^i.'^ 

\^^^^ 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by the 

UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, 
in the OfRce of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. 



OF THE 



President : 
JOSEPH R. HAWLEY. 

Vice-Presidents : 
ORESTES CLEVELAND, 
JOHN D. CREIGH, 
ROBERT LOWRY, 
THOMAS H. COLDWELL, 
JOHN McNEIL, 
WILLIAM GURNEY. 

Director- General : 
ALFRED T. GOSHORN. 

Secretary : 
JOHN L. CAMPBELL. 

Counsellor aiid Solicitor : 
JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Esq. 



Office of the Conunission, 
No. 903 WALNUT STREET. 



m. 



DANIEL J. MORRELL, 
ALFRED T. GOSHORN, 
N. M. BECKWITH, 
ALEXANDER R. BOTELER, 

RICHARD c. Mccormick, 

JOHN LYNCH, . 
CHARLES P. KIMBALL, 
SAMUEL F. PHILLIPS, 
GEORGE B. LORING, . 
FREDERICK L. AEATTHEWS, 
WM. PHIPPS BLAKE, . 
JAMES E. DEXTER, 
J. T. BERNARD, 

MYER ASCH, 



Secretary . 



Philadelphia. 
Ohio. 

New York. 

West Virginia. 

Arizona. 

Louisiana. 

Maine. 

North Carolina. 

Massachusetts. 

Illinois. 

Connecticut. 

Dist. of Columbia. 

Florida. 

Philadelphia. 



|niti|tt %h\n Ipfennint lnminiHHiiintn. 



ALABAMA, 

ARIZONA, 

ARA'ANSAS, 

CALIFORNIA, 

COLORADO, 

CONNECTICUT, 

DAKOTA, 
DELA WARE, 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 
FLORIDA, 

GEORGIA, 

IDAHO, 

ILLINOIS, 

INDIANA, 

IOWA, - - . . 

KANSAS, 

KENTUCKY, 

LOUISIANA, 

MAINE, 

MAR YLAND, 

MASS A CHUSE TTS, 

MICHIGAN, 

MINNESOTA, 

MISSISSIPPI, - - . 



James L. Cooper. 

Richard C. McCormick, 
John Wasson. 

Geo. W. Lawrence. 
Geo. E. Dodge. 

John Dunbar Creigh, 
Benj. p. Kooser. 

J. Marshall Paul, 
N. C. Meeker. 

Joseph R. Hawley, 
Wm. Phipps Blake. 

J. A. Burbank, 
Solomon L. Spink. 

Henry F. Askew, 
John H. Rodney. 

James E. Dexter, 
Lawrence A. Gobright. 

John S. Adams, 
J. T. Bernard. 

George Hillyer, 
Richard Peters, Jr. 

Thomas Donaldson, 
C. W. Moore. 

Frederick L. Matthews, 
Lawrence Weldon. 

John L. Campbell, 
Franklin C. Johnson. 

Robert Lowry, 
Coker F. Clarkson. 

John A. Martin, 
George A. Crawford. 

Robert Mallory, 
Smith M. Hobbs. 

John Lynch, 
Edward Penington. 

Joshua Nye, 
Charles P. Kimball. 

James T. Earle. 
S. M. Shoemaker. 

George B. Loring, 
William B. Spooner. 

James Birney, 
Claudius B. Grant. 

J. Fletcher Williams, 
William W. Folweli.. 

O. C. French. 
E. D. Frost. 



Inittir %k\u Itctttini^f |])iiiiiiiH^i]:ititr^. 



MISSOURI, 

MONTANA, 

NEBRASKA, 

NEVADA, 

NEW HAMPSHIRE, 

NEW JERSEY, 

NEW MEXICO, 

NEW YORK, 

NORTH CAROLINA, 

OHIO, .... 

OREGON, 

PENNSYLVANIA, - 

RHODE ISLAND, 

SOUTH CAROLINA, 

TENNESSEE, - . . - 

TEXAS, ---.'. 

UTAH, - - . . . 

VERMONT, - - _ . 

VIRGINIA, - . _ . 

WASHINGTON TERRITORY, 

WEST VIRGINIA, - - - 

WISCONSIN, - - - . 

WYOMING, - - ■ - 



John McNeil, 
Samuel Hays. 

j. p. woolman, 
Patrick A. Largey. 

Henry S. Moody. 
R. W. Furnas. 

Wm. Wirt McCoy, 
James W. Haines. 

EzEKiEL A. Straw, 
Asa p. Gate. 

Orestes Cleveland, 
John G. Stevens. 

Eldridge W. Little, 
Steppien B. Elkins. 

N. M. Beckwith, 
Charles H. Marshall. 

Samuel F. Phillips, 
Jonathan W. Albertson. 

Alfred T. Goshorn, 
Wilson W. Griffith. 

James W. Virtue, 
Andrew J. Dufur. 

Daniel J. Morrell, 
Asa Packer. 

George H. Corliss, 
R. C. Taft. 

William Gurney, 
Archibald Cameron. 

Thomas H. Coldwell, 
William F. Prosser. 

William Henry Parsons, 
John C. Chew. 

John H. Wickizer, 
Wm. Haydon. 

Middleton Goldsmith, 
Henry Chase. 

F. W. M. Holliday. 
Edmund R. Bagwell, 

Elwood Evans, 
Alexander S. Abernethy. 

Alex. R. Boteler, 
Andrew J. Sweeney. 

David Atwood, 
Edward D. Holton. 

Jos. M. Carey, 
Robert H. Lamborn. 



John Welsh, 

William Sellers, 
John S. Barbour, 

Samuel M. Felton, 
Daniel M. Fox, 
Thomas Cochran, 
Clement M. Biddle, 
N. Parker Shortridge, 
James M. Robb, 
Edward T. Steel, 
John Wanamaker, 
John Price Wetherill, 
Henry Winsor, 
Henry Lewis, 
Amos R. Little, 
John Baird, 
Thos. H. Dudley, 
A. S. Hewitt, 
John Cummings, 
John Gorham, 
Charles W. Cooper, 
William Bigler, 
Robert M. Patton, . 
J. B. Drake, 
George Bain, 



PRESIDENT. 



VICE-PRESIDENTS. 



DIRECTORS. 



SECRETARY AND TREASURER. 



Frederick Fralev, . 

Hon. Wm. Bigler, 



Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 
Virginia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia. 

New Jersey. 

New York. 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island. 

Pennsylvania. 

Pennsylvania. 

Alabama. 

Illinois. 

Missouri. 



Philadelphia. 



Financial Agent. 



Henry Pettit, 



ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS 

Jos. M. Wilson. H. J. Schwarzmann. 



fftot^alii 



SITUATION PLAN. 
MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING, 

GROUND PLAN. 

ART GALLERY, 

GROUND PLAN. 

MACHINERY BUILDING, 

GROUND PLAN. 

HORTICULTURAL BUILDING, 

GROUND PLAN. 

AGRICULTURAL BUILDING'. 



ACTS OF CONGRESS. 



THE ACT CREATING THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL 

COMMISSION. 

An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American 
Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and 
Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Penn- 
sylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Whereas, The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America 
was prepared, signed, and promulgated in the year seventeen hundred and seventy- 
six, in the City of Philadelphia; and whereas it behooves the people of the United 
States to celebrate, by appropriate ceremonies, the centennial anniversary of this 
memorable and decisive event, which constituted the fourth day of July, Anno 
Domini, seventeen hundred and seventy-six, the birthday of the nation ; and whereas 
it is deemed fitting that the completion of the first century of our national existence 
shall be commemorated by an exhibition of the natural resources of the country and 
their development, and of its progress in those arts which benefit mankind, in com- 
parison with those of older nations ; and whereas no place is so appropriate for such 
an exhibition as the city in which occurred the event it is designed to commemo- 
rate, and whereas as the exhibition should be a national celebration, in which the 
people of the whole country should participate, it should have the sanction of the 
Congress of the United States : therefore, 

Section i. Be it enacted by the Seiiate and House of Representatives of the United 
States of A7?ierica in Congress assembled, That an exhibition of American and foreign 
arts, products, and manufactures shall be held, under the auspices of the govern- 
ment of the United States, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hun- 
dred and seventy-six. 

Section 2. That a Commission, to consist of not more than one delegate from 
each State, and from each Territory of the United States, whose functions shall 
continue until the close of the exhibition, shall be constituted, whose duty it shall 
be to prepare and superintend the execution of a plan for holding the exhibition; 



lO 

and, after conference with the authorities of the City of Philadelphia, to fix upon a 
suitable site within the corporate limits of the said city, where the exhibition shall 
be held. 

Section 3. That said Commissioners shall be appointed within one year from 
the passage of this Act, by the President of the United States, on the nomination 
of the governors of the States and Territories respectively. 

Section 4. That in the same manner there shall be appointed one Commis- 
sioner from each State and Territory of the United States, who shall assume the place 
and perform the duties of such Commissioner and Commissioners as may be unable 
to attend the meetings of the Commission. 

Section 5. That the Commission shall hold its meetings in the City of Phila- 
delphia, and that a majority of its members shall have full power to make all need- 
ful rules for its government. 

Section 6. That the Commission shall report to Congress, at the first session 
after its appointment, a suitable date for opening and for closing the exhibition ; 
a schedule of appropriate ceremonies for opening or dedicating the same ; a plan or 
plans of the buildings ; a complete plan for the reception and classification of arti* 
cles intended for exhibition; the requisite custom-house regulations for the introduc- 
tion into this country of the articles from foreign countries intended for exhibition; 
and such other matters as in their judgment may be important. 

Section 7. That no compensation for services shall be paid to the Commis- 
sioners or other officers provided by this Act from the Treasury of the United States; 
and the United States shall not be liable for any expenses attending such exhibition, 
or by reason of the same. 

Section 8. That whenever the President shall be informed by the Governor of 
the State of Pennsylvania that provision has been made for the erection of suitable 
buildings for the purpose, and for the exclusive control by the Commission herein 
provided for of the proposed exhibition, the President shall, through the Depart- 
ment of State, make proclamation of the same, setting forth the time at which the 
exhibition will open and the place at which it will be held; and he shall communi- 
cate to the diplomatic representatives of all nations copies of the same, together with 
such regulations as may be adopted by the Commissioners, for publication in their 
respective countries. 

Approved March jrd, i8yi. 



II 



THE ACT CREATING THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. 



An Act relative to the Centennial International Exliibition to be held in the City of 
Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Whereas, Congress did provide by an Act entitled "An Act to provide for the 
celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence, by holding 
an International Exhibition of arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and mine, 
in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred 
and seventy-six," approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, for the 
appointment of commissioners to promote and control the exhibition of the natural 
resources and their development, and the nation's progress in arts which benefit 
mankind, and to suggest and direct appropriate ceremonies by which the people of 
the United States may commemorate that memorable and decisive event, the Decla- 
ration of American Independence by the Congress of the United Colonies, assem- 
bled in the City of Philadelphia, on the fourth day of July, Anno Domini, seventeen 
hundred and seventy-six; and whereas, such provisions should be made for procuring 
the funds requisite for the purposes aforesaid, as will enable all the people of the 
United States, who have shared the common blessings resulting from national inde- 
pendence, to aid in the preparation and conduct of said International Exhibition, 
and memorial celebration under the direction of the commissioners of the United 
States: Therefore, 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of 
America in Congress assembled, That there is hereby created a body corporate, to be 
known by the name of the Centennial Board of Finance, and by that name to have 
an incorporate existence until the object for which it is formed shall have been accom- 
plished ; and it shall be competent to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, 
defend and be defended, in all courts of law and equity in the United States; and 
may make and have a corporate seal, and may purchase, take, have, and hold, and 
may grant, sell, and at pleasure dispose of all such real and personal estate as may 
be required in carrying into effect the provisions, of an Act of Congress, entitled, 
''An Act to provide for celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of American Inde- 
pendence, by holding an International Exhibition of arts and manufactures, and 
products of the soil and mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, 



12 

in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six," approved March third, eighteen 
hundred and seventy-one, and all acts supplementary thereto; and said Centennial 
Board of Finance shall consist of the following-named persons, their associates and 
successors, from the States and Territories as herein set forth: 

Here follows list of Corporators, two for each Congressional District and foiir 
for each State and Territory at large. 

Section 2. That the said corporation shall have authority, and is hereby empow- 
ered to secure subscriptions of capital stock to an amount not exceeding ten million 
dollars, to be divided into shares of ten dollars each, and to issue to the subscribers 
of said stock certificates therefor under the corporate seal of said corporation, which 
certificates shall bear the signature of the president and treasurer, and be transfer- 
able under such rules and regulations as may be made for the purpose. And it shall 
be lawful for any municipal or other corporate body existing by or under the laws 
of the United States, to subscribe and pay for shares of said capital stock; and all 
holders of said stock shall become associates in said corporation, and shall be en- 
titled to one vote on each share. And it shall be the duty of the United States 
Centennial Commission to prescribe rules to enable absent stockholders to vote by 
proxy. The proceeds of said stock, together with the receipts from all other sources, 
shall be used by said corporation for the erection of suitable buildings, with their 
appropriate fixtures and appurtenances, and for all other expenditures required in 
carrying out the objects of the said Act of Congress of March third, eighteen hundred 
and seventy-one, and which may be incident thereto. And the said corporation 
shall keep regular minutes of its proceedings, and full accounts, with the vouchers 
thereof, of all the receipts and expenditures, and the same shall be always open to 
the inspection of the United States Centennial Commission, or any member thereof. 

Section 3. That books of subscription shall be opened by the United States 
Centennial Commission, under such rules as it may prescribe; and an opportunity 
shall be given, during a period of one hundred days, to the citizens of each State 
and Territory to subscribe for stock to an amount not exceeding its quota, accord- 
ing to its population ; after which period of one hundred days, stock not taken may 
be sold to any person or persons, or corporation willing to purchase the same. 

Section 4. That after the expiration of said period of one hundred days, the 
United States Centennial Commission shall issue a call for a meeting by publication 
in one or more newspapers published at the capital of each State and Territory, not 
less than thirty days prior thereto, of the corporators and all others who may then 
have subscribed for stock, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, for the purpose of 
electing a board of directors, to consist of twenty-five stockholders, whose term of 



13 

office shall be one year, and until their successors shall have been qualified ; at which 
meeting those who may be present in person or by proxy, of whom one hundred 
shall constitute a quorum, shall be competent to organize and elect said officers. 
The said Board of Directors, and every subsequent board, shall be chosen by the 
stockholders, out of a list of one hundred stockholders selected and nominated by 
the United States Centennial Commission. Nine members of the Board of Directors 
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but no election or change 
of officers shall take place unless at a meeting of the Board of Directors, at which a 
majority shall be present. 

Section 5. That the said Board of Directors shall elect, from its own number, 
a president and two vice-presidents, whose term of office shall be one year, and 
until their successors shall have been duly qualified, and shall appoint a treasurer, 
a secretary, and such other officers as may be required to carry out the purposes of the 
corporation ; which elected and appointed officers shall hold their respective offices 
during the pleasure of the board, receiving such compensation as the board may 
prescribe. And the board shall also adopt such by-laws, rules and regulations, for 
its own government, and for the government of its officers, as may be deemed expe- 
dient : Provided, That the same shall not be inconsistent with any Act of Congress 
or the rules adopted by the United States Centennial Commission. 

Section 6. That as soon as the Board of Directors shall have been duly organ- 
ized, as provided for in Section five of this act, it shall be the duty of the United 
States Centennial Commission to deliver to the said board all stock subscription 
books, with the papers and records of any kind in its possession, pertaining to the 
same. 

Section 7. That the grounds for the Exhibition shall be prepared and buildings 
erected by the said corporation in accordance with the plans, which shall have been 
previously adopted by the United States Centennial Commission, and the rules and 
regulations of said corporation, governing rates for "entrance" and "admission" 
fees, or otherwise affecting the rights, privileges or interests of the exhibitors, or 
of the public, shall be fixed and established by the United States Centennial Com- 
mission ; and no grant conferring rights or privileges of any description connected 
with the said grounds or buildings, or relating to said exhibition or celebration, shall 
be made without the consent of the United States Centennial Commission ; and said 
Commission shall have power to control, change or revoke all such grants, and shall 
appoint all judges and examiners, and award all premiums. 

Section 8. That the Centennial Board of Finance shall have authority to issue 
bonds, not in excess of its capital stock, and secure the payment of the same, prin- 
cipal and interest, by mortgage upon its property and prospective income. 



'4 

Section 9. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury of the . 
United States, as soon as practicable after the passage of this act, to cause to be 
prepared, in accordance with a design approved by the United States Centennial 
Commission and the Secretary of the Treasury, a sufficient number of certificates of 
stock to meet the requirements of this act ; and any person found guilty of counter- 
feiting, or attempting to counterfeit, or knowingly circulating false certificates of 
stock, herein authorized, shall be subject to the same pains and penalties as are or may 
be provided by law for counterfeiting United States currency; but nothing in this act 
shall be so construed as to create any liability of the United States, direct or indi- 
rect, for any debt or obligation incurred, nor for any claim by the Centennial 
International Exhibition, or the corporation hereby created for aid or pecuniary 
assistance from Congress or the Treasury of the United States, in support or liqui- 
dation of any debts or obligations created by the corporation herein authorized: 
And provided, That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to override or 
interfere with the laws of any State; and all contracts made in any State for the 
purposes of the Centennial International Exhibition shall be subject to the laws 
thereof: A?id provided further , That no member of said Centennial Board of Finance 
assumes any personal liability for any debt or obligation which may be created or 
incurred by the corporation authorized by this act. 

Section 10. That as soon as practicable, after the said Exhibition shall have 
been closed, it shall be the duty of said corporation to convert its property into cash, 
and after the payment of all its liabilities, to divide its remaining assets among its 
stockholders, pro rata, in full satisfaction and discharge of its capital stock. And it 
shall be the duty of the United States' Centennial Commission to supervise the closing 
up of the affairs of said corporation, to audit its accounts, and submit, in a report 
to the President of the United States, the financial results of the Centennial Exhi- 
bition. 

Section ii. That the Commission created by the act referred to in the pre- 
amble of this act is hereby made and constituted a body politic and corporate in 
law, with power to do such acts, and to enter into such obligations, as may be pro- 
motive of the purposes for which such Commission was established. Its title shall 
be the United States Centennial Commission. It shall have a common and corpo- 
rate seal, and possess all the rights incident to corporate existence. 

Section 12. That the alternate commissioners appointed pursuant to Section 
four of the act approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, referred to 
in the preamble to this act, shall have all the powers of a commissioner when the 
commissioner is not present at any meeting. When the commissioner is present 
the alternate may participate in the debates and serve on committees, but shall have 



15 

no vote. The appointment of all commissioners and alternate commissioners made 
since March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-two, are hereby ratified and 
confirmed; and all vacancies now existing, or which may hereafter exist, whether by 
death, resignation, removal from the State or Territory, or otherwise, shall be filled, 
at any time hereafter, in like manner as is provided in said act of March third, 
eighteen hundred and seventy-one, for the appointment of commissioners. 

Section 13. That it shall be the duty of the United States Centennial Commis- 
sion to make report, from time to time, to the President of the United States, of 
the progress of the work, and in a final report present a full exhibit of the result of 
the United States Centennial Celebration and Exhibition of eighteen hundred and 
seventy-six. 

Approved, yune i, 1872. 



PROCLAMATION: 

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Whereas by the Act of Congress approved March third, eighteen hundred and 
seventy-one, providing for a National Celebration of the one hundredth anniversary 
of the Independence of the United States, by the holding of an International Exhi- 
bition of Arts, Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of 
Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, it is provided as follows : 

"That whenever the President shall be informed by the Governor of the State 
of Pennsylvania, that provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings 
for the purpose, and for the exclusive control by the Commission herein provided 
for of the proposed Exhibition, the President shall, through the Department of 
State, make proclamation of the same, setting forth the time at which the Exhibition 
will open, and the place at which it will be held; and he shall communicate to the 
diplomatic representatives of all nations copies of the same, together with such regu- 
lations as may be adopted by the commissioners, for publication in their respective 
countries;" 



i6 

And whereas, His Excellency the Governor of the said State of Pennsylvania 
did, on the twenty-fourth day of June, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, inform 
me that provision has been made for the erection of said buildings and for the ex- 
clusive control by the Commission provided for in the said act of the proposed 
Exhibition ; 

And whereas, the President of the United States Centennial Commission has 
ofiicially informed me of the dates fixed for the opening and closing of the said 
Exhibition, and the place at which it is to be held : 

Now, therefore, be it known that I, Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United 
States, in conformity with the provisions of the act of Congress aforesaid, do hereby 
declare and proclaim that there will be held, at the City of Philadelphia, in the 
State of Pennsylvania, an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures and 
Products of the Soil and Mine, to be opened on the nineteenth day of April, Anno 
Domini, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and to be closed on the nineteenth day 
of October, in the same year. 

And in the interest of peace, civilization and domestic and international friend- 
ship and intercourse, I commend the celebration and Exhibition to the people of 
the United States ; and in behalf of this Government and people, I cordially com- 
mend them to all nations who may be pleased to take part therein. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the 
United States to be affixed. 

Done at the City of Washington, this third day of July, one thousand 
[Seal] eight hundred and seventy-three, and of the Independence of the United 

States the ninety-seventh. 

U. S. Grant. 

By the President : 

Hamilton Fish, 

Secretary of State. 



17 



NOTE TO FOREIGN MINISTERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Department of State, 

Washington, J^ufy S> '^^IZ- 
Sir: I have the honor to inclose, for the information of the Government of 
— a copy of the President's Proclamation, announcing the time and place of 



holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the 
Soil and Mine, proposed to be held in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

The Exhibition is designed to commemorate the Declaration of the Indepen- 
dence of the United States, on the one hundredth anniversary of that interesting 
and historic national event, and at the same time to present a fitting opportunity 
for such display of the results of Art and Industry of all nations as will serve to 
illustrate the great advances attained, and the successes achieved, in the interest of 
Progress and Civilization during the century which will have then closed. 

In the law providing for the holding of the Exhibition, Congress directed that 
copies of the Proclamation of the President, setting forth the time of its opening 
and the place at which it was to be held, together with such regulations as might be 
adopted by the Commissioners of the Exhibition, should be communicated to the 
Diplomatic Representatives of all nations. Copies of those regulations are herewith 
transmitted. 

The President indulges the hope that the Government of will be pleased 

to notice the subject and may deem it proper to bring the Exhibition and its objects to the 
attention of the people of that country, and thus encourage their co-operation in the pro- 
posed celebration. And he further hopes that the opportuftity afforded by the Exhibi- 
tion for the interchange of natiofial sentiment and friendly intercourse between the 
people of both nations may result in new and still greater advantages to Science and 
Industry, and at the same time serve to strengthen the bonds of peace and friend- 
ship which already happily subsist between the Government and people of 

and those of the United States. 

I have the honor to be, sir, with the highest consideration, 

Your obedient servant, 

Hamilton Fish, 

Secretary of State. 



EXECUTIVE ORDER 

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Whereas it has been brought to the notice of the President of the United States 
that in the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and products of the Soil 
and Mine, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 1876, for the purpose 
of celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the Independence of the United 
States, it is desirable that from the Executive Departments of the Government of 
the United States in which there may be articles suitable for the purpose intended, 
there should appear such articles and materials as will, when presented in a collective 
exhibition, illustrate the functions and administrative faculties of the Government 
in time of peace, and its resources as a war power, and thereby serve to demonstrate 
the nature of our institutions and their adaptation to the wants of the people. Now, 
for the purpose of securing a complete and harmonious arrangement of the articles 
and materials designed to be exhibited from the Executive Department of the Gov- 
ernment, it is ordered that a Board, to be composed of one person to be named by 
the head of each of the Executive Departments which may have articles and materials 
to be exhibited, and also of one person to be named in behalf of the Smithsonian 
Institution, and one to be named in the behalf of the Department of Agriculture, 
be charged with the preparation, arrangement, and safe-keeping of such articles and 
materials as the heads of the several Departments and the Commissioner of Agricul- 
ture and the Director of the Smithsonian Institution may respectively decide shall 
be embraced in the collection ; that one of the persons thus named, to be designated 
by the President, shall be chairman of such Board and that the Board appoint from 
their own number such other officers as they may think necessary, and that the said 
Board when organized shall be authorized under the direction of the President to 
confer with the executive officers of the Centennial Exhibition in relation to such 
matters connected with the subject as may pertain to the respective departments 
having articles and materials on exhibition, and that the names of the persons thus 
selected by the heads of the several departments, the Commissioner of Agriculture, 
and the Director of the Smithsonian Institution, shall be submitted to the President 
for designation. 

By order of the President: 

(Signed) HAMIUTON FISH, 

Secretary of State, 

Washington, January 23, 1874. 



•9 

In accordance with the above order, the President appointed a Board composed 
of a representative from each of the Executive Departments of the Government, 
except the Department of State and the Attorney-General's Department; but 
inchiding the Department of Agriculture and the Smithsonian Institution. The 
Board is composed as follows : 

JVar Department. — Col. S. C. Lvford (Chairman), Ordnance Bureau. 

Treasury Department. — Hon. R. W. Tayler, ist Controller of the Treasury. 

Navy Department. — Admiral Thornton A. Jenkins, U. S. Navy. 

Interior Department. — John Eaton, Commissioner of Education. 

Post-Office Department. — Dr. Chas. F. McDonald, Chief of Money Order 
Department. 

Agricultural Department. — Wm. Saunders, Superintendent of Propagating 
Garden. 

Smithsonian Institution. — Prof S. F. Baird, Assistant Secretary of the Smith- 
sonian Institution ajid U. S. Fishery Commissioner. 

Wm. a. DeCaindry, Secretary of Board. 

This Board has been charged with the duty of perfecting a collective Exhibition, 
that shall illustrate the functions and administrative faculties of the Government in 
time of peace and its resources as a war power. 



INVITATION TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS. 



Whereas, at various International Exhibitions which have been held in foreign 
countries, the United States have been represented in pursuance of invitations given 
by the governments of those countries, and accepted by our government, therefore, 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of 
America in Congress assembled, That the President be requested to extend, in the 
name of the United States, a respectful and cordial invitation to the Governments 
of other nations, to be represented and take part in the International Exposition to 
beheld at Philadelphia, under the auspices of the Government of the United States, 
in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six ; Provided, however, That the United 
States shall not be liable, directly or indirectly, for any expenses attending such 
Exposition, or by reason of the same. 

Approved, June j, i8-j4. 



20 



ACT RELATING TO CENTENNIAL MEDALS. 



An Act to authorize medals commemorating tlie One Hmidredth Anniversary of the 
first meeting of the Continental Congress, and the Declaration of Independence, 
provides as follows : 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of ■ 
America in Congress assembled, That medals with appropriate devices, emblems and 
inscriptions, commemorative of the Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of 
Independence be prepared at the Mint at Philadelphia for the Centennial Board of 
Finance subject to the provisions of the fifty-second section of the Coinage Act of 
eighteen hundred and seventy-three, upon the payment of a sum not less than the 
cost thereof, and all the provisions whether penal or otherwise of said Coinage Act 
against the counterfeiting or imitating of coins of the United States shall apply to 
the medals struck and issued under the provisions of this act. 

Approved, June i6, 1814. 



ACT RELATING TO DUTIES ON FOREIGN ARTICLES. 



An Act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six, provides as follows : 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of 
America in Congress assembled, That all articles which shall be imported for the 
sole purpose of exhibition at the International Exhibition to be held in the City of 
Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, shall be admitted without 
the payment of duty or of customs fees, or charges, under such regulations as the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe ; Provided, that all such articles as shall be 
sold in the United States or withdrawn for consumption therein, at any time after 
such importation, shall be subject to the duties, if any, imposed on like articles 
by the revenue laws in force at the date of importation; And provided further, 
that in case any articles imported under the provisions of this act, shall be withdrawn 
for consumption or shall be sold without payment of duty, as required by law, all 
the penalties prescribed by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced against 
such articles and against the persons who may be guilty of such withdrawal or sale. 

Approved, June 18, 18J4. 



21 



REGULATIONS 

Governing the Free Importation of Goods for the International Exhi- 
bition OF Eighteen Hundred and Seventy-six, at Philadelphia. 



Treasury Department, 
Washington, D. C, October j, 1874. 

An Act of Congress approved June 18, 1874, entitled "An Act to admit free 
of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of eighteen hundred and 
seventy-six," provides as follows: 

' 'Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States 
of America in Congress assembled, That all articles which shall be imported for the 
sole purpose of exhibition at the International Exhibition to be held in the City of 
Philadelphia in the year 1876, shall be admitted without the payment of duty or of 
customs fees or charges, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall 
prescribe : Provided, That all such articles as shall be sold in the United States or 
withdrawn for consumption therein at any time after such importation shall be 
subject to the duties, if any, imposed on like articles by the revenue laws in force 
at the date of importation : And provided further. That in case any articles imported 
under the provisions of this Act shall be withdrawn for consumption, or shall be sold 
without payment of duty as required by law, all the penalties prescribed by the rev- 
enue laws shall be applied and enforced against such articles and against the person 
who may be guilty of such withdrawal or sale." 

In pursuance of the provisions of this Act the following regulations are pre- 
scribed : 

First. No duty or customs fees or charges being required on any such impor- 
tations, a new form of entry is prescribed, which will be employed in all cases at the 
port where such goods are received. 

Second. The ports of New York, Boston, Portland, Me., Burlington, Vt., 
Suspension Bridge^ N. Y., Detroit, Port Huron, Mich., Chicago, Philadelphia, 
Baltimiore, Norfolk, New Orleans and San Francisco, will alone constitute ports of 
entry at which importations for said Exhibition will be made free of duty. 



22 

Third. All articles designed for such Exhibition must be forwarded, axcom- 
panied by an invoice or schedule of the numbers, character, and commercial value of 
each shipment, which statement shall be attested before a Consul of the United States, 
or a ci\-il magistrate of the country in which they are produced or from which they 
are shipped to the United States. Such verified bill of contents and values will be 
transmitted in triplicate, one copy to the Collector of Customs at the port where it 
is desired to make entry, which will be retained for the files of his office ; one copy 
to some duly authorized agent, either of the owners, or of the Foreign Commission 
of the country from which shipment was made, which agent must in all cases be 
recognized by the Director-General of the Exhibition, who will, by virtue of that 
authority, verify the goods and make entry ; and one copy to the Collector at the 
port of Philadelphia; and all packages and enclosures containing goods destined for 
such Exhibition must be plainly and conspicuously marked with the words "For the 
International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia." 

Fourth. All goods arriving so marked and represented, either at the time of 
arrival or at any time while remainiftg in the custody of the Collector of Customs at 
the port of arrival on general order, will, when entered at the port of arrival, be 
delivered without examination to such recognized agent or agents, to be by him or 
them forwarded from the port of arrival by bonded line of transportation to Phila- 
delphia, there to be delivered to the custody of the Collector of that port. 

Fifth. Entry for warehouse will be made for all such transported packages on 
arrival at the said port of Philadelphia, and original entry for warehouse will be 
made of all goods directed by first shipment to Philadelphia. Warehouse entry 
having been made, the packages will be held in the custody of the said Collector 
until the Exhibition building, or some building erected by and in the custody of the 
officers controlling the said Exhibition, and suitable for secure custody as a ware- 
house under the authority of the United States, is ready to receive them. 

Sixth. Separate and complete records of all packages so transmitted and received 
by the Collector at Philadelphia will be made by the Storekeeper at the port of 
Philadelphia in a book prepared for the purpose, in which Avill be entered, so far as 
known, the owner's name, the agent's name representing the articles, the country 
from which shipped, the date of such shipment, the name of the importing vessel, and 
the date of arrival, the general description and value of the goods, and the specific 
marks ^nd numbers of the packages. Such record will also be kept in duplicate by 
a Special Inspector of Customs who, under the direction of the Secretary of the 
Treasury, shall be appointed to identify, forward, and care for packages so properly 
marked, and intended in good faith for the Exhibition, but which may not be properly 
represented by an owner or agent. 



23 

Seventh. When the said Exhibition l)uililing, or a warehouse suitable for scctire 
custody of articles intended for the Exhibition, duly authorized for receiving bonded 
goods, shall be ready to receive articles then in the custody of the Collector of the 
port of Philadelphia, descriptive permits, in duplicate, shall be issued by the said 
Collector to the Storekeeper of the port, directing the delivery of packages as 
required b}- the owner or agent, or by the officers of the said Exhibition — one copy 
of which permits shall be preserved by the said Storekeeper, the second copy to be 
delivered with the goods to a proper officer of the customs stationed at the said 
Exhibition building or warehouse, to be there kept as a record of goods entered for 
such Exhibition in addition to the duplicate required to be kejjt in a book of proper 
form as before referred to. And all packages shall be opened in presence of an officer 
of the customs, who shall verify the contents from and upon such descriptive list, 
correcting and completing it as the facts may require. 

Eighth. In case of receipt by the Collector at Philadelphia of packages imper- 
fectl}^ described or verified, or in regard to which information may be received 
questioning the good faith of the persons forwarding the same, the said Collector 
may direct an examination, in proper form, for the purpose of determining the 
question, and if, on conference with the Director-General, the goods are found to 
have been forwarded not in good faith for said Exhibition, they will be charged with 
duty according to their value and classification, and held by the said Collector, 
subject to appeal to the Secretary of the Treasury, to await proper claim and payment 
of duty by their owners. 

Ninth. All charges for transportation, drayage, and freight, accruing on goods 
arriving for the said Exhibition, will be required to be paid by the owner or agent 
at the time of their delivery into the custody of the Collector of Customs at Phila- 
delphia, or if on packages of small bulk or weight, not accompanied by the owner 
or agent, or consigned to a Foreign Commissioner, and not exceeding $5 in amount, 
will be charged against the goods as so delivered into the custody of the Collector 
at Philadelphia, to be paid with other charges subsequently accruing before the permit 
is issued for their delivery to the Exhibition building; and on all packages exceeding 
fifty pounds in weight, half storage, as provided by regulation for the storage of 
ordinary merchandise in the public warehouse at the port of Philadelphia, will be 
charged against the goods received and stored therein from the time of receipt to 
the time of delivery to the Exhibition building. No fees for entry, permit, or other 
official act, and no duties will be charged upon or against such packages until after 
their withdrawal from such Exhibition, for sale, at its close or during its continuance. 

Tenth. All articles received and entered at such Exhibition in the manner 
hereinbefore provided may, at any time consistently with the regulations controlling 



24 

said Exhibition, be withdrawn for sale or delivery to other parties than the owner or 
agent concerned in their importation, on payment of the duties properly accruing 
on said goods according to the laws in force at the time of the importation thereof; 
and for the purpose of assessment and determination of such duties, and for proper 
identification of the articles, an officer of the Appraiser's Department of the port of 
Philadelphia shall be detailed to make due examination of the articles so withdrawn 
or sold, verifying them by the record of their introduction, and charging upon a 
proper form, to be prepared for such purpose, the said rate and amount of duty; and 
on payment of the duty so charged, but without fee or other expenses, the owner or 
agent shall receive a permit for their removal from the Exhibition. 

Eleventh. Articles designed to be returned to the foreign country from which 
the same were imported, or to be removed from the United States, will, at the close 
of the Exhibition, or at such time as shall be directed by the officers of such Exhi- 
bition, be verified by the customs officer in charge at the Exhibition, re-enclosed, 
duly marked, and forwarded, under permit of the Collector at Philadelphia, to any 
other port for export, or may be directly exported from Philadelphia. Export entries 
for such use will be prepared, corresponding to the import entries under which the 
goods were originally received. 

Twelfth. A Special Inspector of Customs will, under the direction of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, report at intervals to the Collectors of the ports of Phila- 
delphia and of New York, or of such other ports as he may be directed to visit, for 
the purpose of applying the regulations herein provided. 

[Signed,] 

B. H. BRISTOW, 

Secretary. 



25 



GENERAL REGULATIONS 

FOR EXHIBITORS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



1. The Exhibition will be held at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia, 
and will be opened on the loth day of May, 1876, and closed on the loth day of 
November following. 

The seven departments of the classification which will determine the relative 
location of articles in the Exhibition, — except in such collective exhibitions as 
may receive special sanction, — and also the arrangement of names in the Catalogue, 
are as follows : 

/. Mming, 

II. Manufactures. 

HI Eclncatio7i and Science. 

IV. Art. 

V. Machinery. 

VI. Agriculture. 

VII. Horticulture. 

2. Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto should be addressed to 
the Director-General, International Exhibition, Philadelphia, Penn. 

3. Exhibitors will not be charged for space. 

A limited quantity of steam and water-power will be supplied gratuitously. 
The quantity of each will be settled definitively at the time of the allotments of 
space. Any power required by the exhibitor in excess of that allowed will be fur- 
nished by the Commission at a fixed price Demands for such excess of power must 
also be settled at the time of the allotment of space. 



26 

4- Exhibitors must provide, at their own cost, all show-cases, shelving, counters, 
fittings, etc. , which they may require ; and all countershafts, with their pulleys, belting, 
etc., for the transmission of power from the main shafts in the Machinery Hall. All 
arrangements of articles and decorations must be in conformity with the general 
plan adopted by the Director-General. 

Special constructions of any kind, whether in the buildings or grounds, can only 
be made upon the written approval of the Director-General. 

5. The Commission will take precautions for the safe preservation of all objects in 
the Exhibition; but it will in no way be responsible for damage or loss of any kind, 
or for accidents by fire or otherwise, however originating. 

Favorable facilities will be arranged by which exhibitors may insure their own 
goods. 

6. Exhibitors may employ watchmen of their own choice to guard their goods 
during the hours the Exhibition is open to the public. Appointments of such watch- 
men will be subject to the approval of the Director-General. 

7. Exhibitors, or such agents as they may designate, shall be responsible for the 
receiving, unpacking, and arrangement of objects, as well as for their removal at the 
close of the Exhibition. 

8. The transportation, receiving, unpacking, and arranging of the products for 
exhibition will be at the expense of the exhibitor. 

9. The installation of heavy articles requiring foundations should, by special 
arrangement, be begun as soon as the progress of the work upon the buildings will 
permit. The general reception of articles at the Exhibition "buildings will be com- 
menced on January i, 1876, and no articles will be admitted after March 31, 1876. 

10. Space not occupied on the ist of April, 1876, will revert to the Director-General 
for re-assignment. 

11. If products are not intended for competition, it must be so stated by the exhib- 
itor; and they will be excluded from the examination by the International Juries. 

12. If no authorized person is at hand to receive goods on their arrival at the Exhi- 
bition building, they will be removed without delay, and stored at the cost and risk 
of whomsoever it may concern. 

13. Articles that are in any way dangerous or offensive, also patent medicines, 
nostrums, and empirical preparations whose ingredients are concealed, will not be 
admitted to the Exhibition. 



2/ 

14- The iemo\al of goods will not be permitted prior to the dose of the Exhibition. 

15. Sketches, drawings, photographs, or other reproductions of articles exhibited, 
will only be allowed upon the joint assent of the exhibitor and the Director-General; 
but views of portions of the building may be made upon the Director-General's 
sanction. 

16. Immediately after the close of the Exhibition, exhibitors shall remove their 
effects, and complete such removal before December 31, 1876. Goods then remain- 
ing will be removed by the Director-General and sold for expenses, or otherwise 
disposed of under the direction of the Commission. 

17. Each person who becomes an exhibitor thereby acknowledges and undertakes 
to keep the rules and regulations established for the government of the Exhibition. 

Special regulations will be issued concerning the exhibition of fine arts, the 
organization of international juries, awards of prizes, the sale of special articles within 
the buildings, and on other points not touched upon in these preliminary instructions. 

1 8. An Official Catalogue will be published in four distinct versions, — viz. , English, 
French, German and Spanish. The sale of Catalogues is reserved to the Centennial 
Commission. 

19. Communications concerning the Exhibition should be addressed to "The 
Director-General, International Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia, Penna." 

The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these regu- 
lations, whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 

John L. Campbell, Director- Gcjieral. 

Secretary. 

PhUadelphia, July 4, 18^4. 



28 



GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR FOREIGN EXHIBITORS. 



1. The Exhibition will be held at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia, 
and will be opened on the loth day of May, 1876, and closed on the loth day of 
November following. 

2. All Governments have been invited to appoint Commissions, for the purpose 
of organizing their departments of the Exhibition. The Director-General should 
be notified of the appointment of such Foreign Commissions before January i, 1875. 

Full diagrams of the buildings and grounds will be furnished to the Foreign 
Commissions on or before February i, 1875, indicating the localities to be occupied 
by each nation, subject, however, to revision and readjustment. 

3. Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto must be conducted 
with the Commission of the country where the article is produced. 

4. Foreign Commissions are requested to notify the Director-General, not later 
than May i, 1875, whether they desire any increase or diminution of the space 
offered them, and the amount. 

5. Before December i, 1875, the Foreign Commissions must furnish the Director- 
General with approximate plans showing the manner of allotting the space assigned 
to them, and also with lists of their exhibitors, and other information necessary for 
the preparation of the Ofhcal Catalogue. 

Products brought into the United States, at the ports of New York, Boston, 
Portland, Me., Burlington, Vt., Suspension Bridge, N. Y., Detroit, Port Huron, 
Mich., Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, New Orleans and San Francisco, 
intended for display at the International Exhibition, will be allowed to go forward 
to the Exhibition buildings, under proper supervision of customs officers, without 
examination at such ports of original entry, and at the close of the Exhibition will 
be allowed to go forward to the port from which they are to be exported. No duties 
will be levied upon such goods, unless entered for consumption in the United States. 

6. The transportation, receiving, unpacking, and arranging of the products for 
exhibition will be at the expense of the exhibitor. 



29 

7. The installation of heavy articles requiring special foundations or adjustment 
should, by special arrangement, begin as soon as the progress of the work upon the 
buildings will permit. The general reception of articles at the Exhibition buildings 
will commence on January i, 1876, and no articles will be admitted after March 31. 
1876. 

8. Space assif 2d to Foreign Commissions and not occupied on the ist of April, 
1876, will revert to the Director-General for re-assignment. 

9. If products are not intended for competition, it must be so stated by the exhibitor, 
and they will be excluded from the examination by the International Juries. 

10. An Official Catalogue will be published in four distinct versions, — viz., English, 
French, German and Spanish. The sale of Catalogues is reserved to the Centennial 
Commission. 

The seven departments of the classification which will determine the relative 
location of articles in the Exhibition, — except in such collective exhibitions as 
may receive special sanction, — and also the arrangement of names in the Catalogue, 
are as follows: 

/ Mining. 

II. Manufactures. 

III. Education and Science. 

IV. Art. 

V. Machinery. 
VI. Agricidture. 

VII. Horticulture. 

11. Foreign Commissions may publish Catalogues of their respective sections. 

12. Exhibitors will not be charged for space. 

A limited quantity of steam and water-power will be supplied gratuitously. The 
quantity of each will be settled definitively at the time of the allotment of space. 
Any power required by the exhibitor in excess of that allowed will be furnished by 
the Centennial Commission at a fixed price Demands for such excess of power must 
also be settled at the time of the allotment of space. 

13. Exhibitors must provide at their own cost, all show-cases, shelving, counters, 
fittings, etc., which they may require; and all countershafts, with their pulleys. 



30 

belting, etc., for the transmission of power from the main shafts in the Machinery 
Halh All arrangements of articles and decorations must be in conformity with the 
general plan adopted by the Director- General. 

Special constructions of any kind, whether in the buildings or grounds, can 
only be made upon the written approval of the Director-General. 

The Centennial Commission will take precautions for the safe preservation of 
all objects in the Exhibition ; but it will in no way be responsible for damage or loss 
of any kind, or for accidents by fire or otherwise, however originating. 

14. Favorable facilities will be arranged by which exhibitors or Foreign Commissions 
may insure their own goods. 

15. Foreign Commissions may employ watchmen of their own choice to guard their 
goods during the hours the Exhibition is open to the public. Appointm.ents of such 
watchmen will be subject to the approval of the Director-General. 

Foreign Commissions, or such agents as they may designate, shall be responsible 
for the receiving, unpacking and arrangement of objects, as well as for their removal 
at the close of the Exhibition ; but no person shall be permitted to act as such agent 
until he can give to the Director-General written evidence of his having been approved 
by the proper Commission. 

16. Each package must be addressed "To the Commission for {Name of Countrf\ 
at the International Exhibition of 1876, Philadelphia, United States of America," 
and should have at least two labels affixed to different but not opposite sides of each 
case, and giving the following information : — 

17. (i) The country from which it comes; ( 2) name or firm of the exhibitor; (3) 
residence of the exhibitor ; ( 4) department to which objects belong ; (5) total number 
of packages sent by that exhibitor; (6) serial number of that particular package. 

18. Within each package should be a list of all objects. 

19. If no authorized person is at hand to receive goods on their arrival at the Exhi- 
bition building, they will be removed without delay, and stored at the cost and risk 
of whomsoever it may concern. 

* 20. Articles that are in any way dangerous or offensive, also patent medicines, nos- 
trums and empirical preparations whose ingredients are concealed, will not be admit- 
ted to the Exhibition. 

21. The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to the close of the Exhibition. 

22. Sketches, drawings, photographs or other reproductions of articles exhibited, 
will only be allowed upon the joint assent of the exhibitor and the Director-General ; 
but views of portions of the building may be made upon the Director-General's 
sanction. 



23. Immediately after the close of the Exhibition, exhibitors shall remove their 
effects, and complete such removal before December 31, 1876. Goods then remain- 
ing will be removed by the Director-General and sold for expenses, or otherwise 
disposed of under the direction of the Centennial Commission. 

24. Each person who becomes an exhibitor thereby acknowledges and undertakes 
to keep the rules and regulations established for the government of the Exhibition. 

Special regulations will be issued concerning the Exhibition of fine arts, the 
organization of international juries, awards of prizes, and sales of special articles 
within the buildings, and on other points not touched upon in these preliminary 
instructions. 

25 . Communications concerning the Exhibition should be addressed to ' ' The Direc- 
tor-General, International Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia, Pa. U. S. A." 

The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these regu- 
lations, whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 
John L. Campbell, Director- General. 

Secretary. 

Philadelphia, July 4, 1874. 



33 



STATE ORGANIZATIONS. 



The United States Centennial Commission has invited the several States and 
Territories to appoint local Advisory Boards or Committees, to assist in securing a 
complete representation of the industries of their respective Districts in the Inter- 
national Exhibition of 1876. 

A number of Boards have been organized in accordance with this invitation. 

In States and Territories where such Boards do not exist, in order to secure 
their organization throughout the country without further delay, it is recommended 
that they consist of the Centennial Commissioner and Alternate, and not less than 
three other persons appointed by the Director-General with the advice and consent 
of the Commissioners of the State or Territory. 

It is hoped that a uniform system of co-operative Boards or Committees, organ- 
ized in accordance with this suggestion, will excite local interest in the objects of 
the Exhibition, and thus greatly facilitate the work of the Commission. 

Upon the organization of each Board, an officer should be designated to conduct 
its correspondence with the Commission. 

The duty of the Boards will be — 
1st. To disseminate information regarding the Exhibition. 

2d. To secure the co-operation of industrial, scientific, agricultural, and other 
associations, in their Districts. 

3d. To appoint co-operative local committees, representing the different industries 
of their Districts. 

4th. To stimulate local action on all measures intended to render the Exhibition 
successful and a worthy representation of the industries of the country. 

5th. To encourage the production of articles suitable for exhibition. 

6th. To distribute documents issued by the Commission among the manufacturers 
and others in their Districts interested in the Exhibition. 



33 

7th. To render assistance in furthering the financial and other interests of the Exhi- 
bition, and to furnish information to the Commission on subjects that may 
be referred to them. 

The Commission will aim to secure a high standard of quality in the articles 
exhibited, and a complete representation of the resources and industries of the 
country. To this end, there should be presented for exhibition the best products' 
of each District, and especially those which are regarded as of a representative 
character. 

The Boards are requested to report to the Director-General the progress of the 
work in their Districts. 

By order of the Executive Committee, 

A. T. GOSHORN, 
John L. Campbell, Director- General. 

Secretary, 

Philadelphia, August, 18^4. 



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EAST ENTRANCE 



35 



MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING. 



This building is in the form of a parallelogram, extending cast and west i,88o 
feet in length, and north and south 464 feet in width. 

The larger portion of the structure is one story in height, and shows the main 
cornice upon the outside at 45 feet above the ground, the interior height being 70 
feet. At the centre of the longer sides are projections 416 feet in length, and in the 
centre of the shorter sides or ends of the building are projections 216 feet in length. 
In these projections, in the centre of the four sides, are located the main entrances, 
which are provided with arcades upon the ground floor, and central facades exten- 
ding to the height of 90 feet. 

The East Entrance will form the principal approach for carriages, visitors 
being allowed to alight at the doors of the building under cover of the arcade. 

The South Entrance will be the principal approach from street cars, the ticket 
offices being located upon the line of Elm Avenue, with covered ways provided for 
entrance into the building itself. 

The Main Portal on the north side communicates directly with the Art 
Gallery, and the Main Portal on the west side gives the main passage way to the 
Machinery and Agricultural Halls. 

Upon the corners of the building there are four towers 75 feet in height, and 
between the towers and the central projections or entrances, there is a lower roof 
introduced showing a cornice at 24 feet above the ground. 

In order to obtain a central feature for the building as a whole, the roof over 
the central part, for 184 feet square, has been raised above the surrounding portion, 
and four towers, 48 feet square, rising to 120 feet in height, have been introduced 
at the corners of the elevated roof. 

The areas covered are as follows : 

Ground Floor, 872,320 square feet. 20.02 acres. 

Upper Floors in projections, 37,344 " " -SS " 

" " in towers, 26,344 " " .60 " 

936,008 21.47 



36 

GROUND PLAN. 

The general arrangement of the ground plan shows a central avenue or nave 
I20 feet in width, and extending 1,832 feet in length This is the longest avenue 
of that width ever introduced into an Exhibition Building. On either side of this 
nave there is an avenue 100 feet by 1,832 feet in length. Between the nave and 
side avenues are aisles 48 feet wide, and on the outer sides of the building smaller 
aisles 24 feet in width. 

In order to break the great length of the roof lines, three cross avenues or 
transepts have been introduced of the same widths and in the same relative positions 
to each other as the nave and avenues running lengthwise, viz : a central transept 
120 feet in width by 416 feet in length, with one on either side of 100 feet by 416 
feet, and aisles between of 48 feet. 

The intersections of these avenues and transepts in the central portion of the 
building result in dividing the ground floor into nine open spaces free from support- 
ing columns, and covering in the aggregate an area of 416 feet square. Four of 
these spaces are 100 feet square, four 100 feet by 120 feet, and the central space or 
pavilion 120 feet square. The intersections of the 48 feet aisles produce four interior 
courts 48 feet square, one at each corner of the central space. 

The main promenades through the nave and central transept, are each 30 feet 
in width, and those through the centre of the side avenues and transepts 15 feet each. 
All other walks are 10 feet wide, and lead at either end to exit doors. 

The following table gives the principal dimensions of the different parts of the 
building. 

DIMENSIONS. 

Measurements taken from centre to centre of supporting columns. 

Length of Building 1880 feet 

Width of Building 464 " 

Central Avenue or Nave. 

Length 1832 " 

Width 120 " 

Height to top of supporting cohimns. 45 " 

Height to ridge of roof 70 " 

Central Transept. 

Length 416 " 

Width 120 " 

Height to top of columns 45 " 

Height to ridge of roof . , , 70 " 



37 

Side Avenues. 

Length 1832 " 

Width 100 " 

Height to top of columns 45 " 

Height to ridge of roof 65 " 

Side Transepts. 

Length 416 " 

Width '. 100 " 

Height to top of columns 45 " 

Height to ridge of roof 65 " 

Central Aisles. 

Length at east end 744 " 

" at west end 672 " 

Width 48 " 

Height to roof 3° " 

Side Aisles. 

Length at east end 744 " 

" at west end 672 " 

Width 24 " 

Height to roof 24 " 

Centre Space or Pavilion. 

Ground Plan 120 " square. 

Height to top of supporting columns 72 " 

Height to ridge of roof 96 " 

Towers over Courts. 

Ground Plan 48 " square. 

Height to roof 120 " 

Corner Towers. 

Ground Plan 24 " square. 

Height to roof 75 " 

The foundations consist of piers of masonry. 

The superstructure is composed of wrought iron columns which support wrought 
iron roof trusses. 

These columns are composed of rolled channel bars with plates riveted to the 
flanges. 

Lengthwise of the building the columns are spaced at the uniform distance apart 
of 24 feet. In the entire structure there are 672 columns, the shortest being 23 feet 
and the longest 125 feet in length. Their aggregate weight is 2,200,000 pounds. 



38 

The roof trusses are similar in form to those in general use for Depots and 
Warehouses, and consist of straight rafters with struts and tie-bars. 

The aggregate weight of iron in the roof trusses and girders is 5,000,000 
pounds. 

This building being a temporary construction the columns and trusses are so 
designed that they may be easily taken down and erected again at another site. 

The sides of the building for the height of seven feet from the ground are 
finished with brickwork in panels between the columns. Above the seven feet, with 
glazed sash. Portions of the sash are movable for ventilation. 

The roof covering is of tin upon sheathing boards. 

The ground flooring is of plank upon sills resting upon the ground, with no 
open space underneath. 

All the corners and angles of the building upon the exterior are accentuated 
by galvanized iron octagonal turrets which extend the full height of the building 
from the ground level to above the roof. These turrets at the corners of the towers 
are surmounted with flag staffs, at other places with the national eagle. 

The national standard with appropriate emblems is placed over the centre of 
each of the four main entrances. Over each of the side entrances is placed a trophy 
showing the national colors of the country occupying that part of the building. 

At the vestibules forming part of the four main entrances variagated brick and 
tile have been introduced. 

The building stands nearly due east and west and is lighted almost entirely by 
side light from the north and south sides. 

Louvre ventilators are introduced over the central nave and each of the avenues. 

Skylights are introduced over the central aisles. . 

Small balconies, or galleries of observation, have been provided in the four cen- 
tral towers of the building at the heights of the different stories. These will form 
attractive places from which excellent views of the whole interior may be obtained. 

A complete system of water supply with ample provision of fire cocks, etc., is 
provided for protection against fire, and for sanitary purposes. 

Offices for Foreign Commissions are placed along the sides of the building in 
the side aisles, in close proximity to the products exhibited. As many of the 24 feet 
spaces being partitioned off for that purpose as may be required. 

Offices for the administration may be placed in the ends of the building and on 
the second floor. 



39 

The form of the building is such that all exhibitors will have an equally fair 
opportunity to exhibit their goods to advantage. There is comparatively little 
choice of location necessary, as the light is uniformly distributed and each of the 
spaces devoted to products is located upon one of the main thoroughfares. 

The Departments of the Classification will be placed in parallel sections running 
lengthwise of the building, from east to west, and will be wider or narrower in 
proportion to the bulk of the articles exhibited. 

The countries exhibiting will be located geographically, in sections running 
crosswise of the building, from north to south. 





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Height of Picture fastenings above floor line 23 feet 
4 inches. 
Galleries A. B. C. D. F. G. N. are lighted from above. 




Rooms E. H. I. K. L. M. are lighted from tlie side. 
Rooms H. I. K. are repeated in the second story and. 
are 14 feet from floor to ceiling throughout. 



REFERENCES. 

>ArALL SPACE. 



A 


South Halls, 


8680 


square feet. 


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Corridors, 


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GROUND PLAN 



Height of Pavilions and Reception Hall 52 feet. 
" " Centre Hall 77 feet. 



OF 



REFERENCES. 

■WALL SPACE. 

H Rooms (north),. - - 8044 square feet. 

I Rooms " . . - 5348 " •■' 

K Rooms " - ' 2612 " 

L Reception Rooms, - - 4894 "' 

FLOOR SPACE, 

M Reception Hall, - - 495^ square feet. 

" - - - 6833 " 



N Centre 
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41 



ART GALLERY. 



This stnicture, which is one of the affixes to the great Exhibition, is located on 
a line parallel with and nortliward of the Main Exhibition Building. 

It is on the most commanding portion of great Lansdowne Plateau and looks 
southward over the city. 

It is elevated on a terrace six feet above the general level of the plateau — the 
plateau itself being an eminence ii6 feet above the surface of the Schuylkill River. 

The entire structure is in the modern renaissance. The materials are granite, 
glass, and iron. No wood is used in the construction, and the building is thoroughly 
fireproof The structure is 365 feet in length, 210 feet in width, and 59 feet in height, 
over a spacious basement 12 feet in height, surmounted by a dome. 

DETAILS. 

Exterior — i . The Main Front. — The main front looks southward ; it displays 
three distinctive features: 

First. A main entrance in the centre of the structure consisting of three 
colossal arched doorways of equal dimensions. 

Second. A pavilion at each end. 

Third. Two arcades connecting the pavilions with the centre; central section, 
95 feet long, 72 feet high; pavilions, 45 feet long, 60 feet high; arcades, each, 90 
feet long, 40 feet high. 

The front or south face of the central section displays a rise of thirteen steps to 
the entrance 70 feet wide. The entrance is by three arched doorways, each 40 feet 
high and 15 feet wide, opening into a hall. Between the arches of the doorways are 
clusters of columns terminating in emblematic designs illustrative of science and art. 

The doors, which are of iron, are relieved by bronze panels, having the coats- 
of-arms of all the States and Territories. 

In the centre of the main frieze is the United States coat-of-arms. 

The main cornice is surmounted by a balustrade with candelabras. At either 
end is an allegorical figure representing science and art. 



42 

The dome rises from the centre of the structure to the height of 150 feet from 
the ground. It is of glass and iron and of a unique design ; it terminates in a 
colossal bell — from which the figure of Columbia rises with protecting hands. 

A figure of colossal size stands at each corner of the base of the dome. These 
figures typify the four quarters of the globe. 

Each pavilion displays a window 30 feet high and 12 feet wide; it is also orna- 
mented with tile work, wreaths of oak and laurel, 13 stars in the frieze, and a colos- 
sal eagle at each of its four corners. 

The arcades, a general feature in the old Roman villas but entirely novel here, 
are intended to screen the long walls of the gallery. 

These each consist of five groined arches — these arcades form promenades look- 
ing outward over the grounds and inward over open gardens, which extend back to 
the main wall of the building. These garden plats are each 90 feet long and 36 feet 
deep, ornamented in the centre with fountains and designed for the display of stat- 
uary. A stairway from the gardens reaches the upper line of these arcades, forming 
a second promenade 35 feet above the ground. Its balustrade is ornamented with 
vases, and is designed ultimately for statues. The cornices, the atticas, and the cres- 
tings throughout are highly ornamented. 

The walls of the east and west sides of the structure display the pavilions and 
the walls of the picture galleries, and are relieved by five niches designed for statues, 
the frieze is richly ornamented — above it the central dome shows to great advantage. 

The rear or north front is of the same general character as the main front, but 
in place of the arcade is a series of arched windows, twelve in number, with an en- 
trance in the centre ; in all, thirteen openings above, in an unbroken line, extending 
the entire length of the structure ; between the pavilions is the grand balcony — a 
promenade 275 feet long and 45 feet wide, and elevated 40 feet above the ground, 
overlooking northward the whole panorama of the park grounds. 

The main entrance opens on a hall 82 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 53 feet high, 
decorated in the modern renaissance style ; on the farther side of this hall, three 
doorways, each 16 feet wide and 25 feet high, open into the centre hall : this hall is 
83 feet square, the ceiling of the dome rising over it 80 feet in height. 

From its east and west sides extend the galleries, each 98 feet long, 84 feet 
wide, and 35 feet in height. These galleries admit of temporary divisions for the 
more advantageous display of paintings. The centre hall and galleries form one 
grand hall 287 feet long and 85 feet wide, capable of holding eight thousand persons. 



43 

nearly twice the dimensions of the largest hall in the country. From tl^e two gal- 
leries, doorways open into two smaller galleries, 28 feet wide and 89 feet long. 
These open north and south into private apartments which connect with the pavil- 
ion rooms, forming two side galleries 210 feet long. Along the whole length of the 
north side of the main galleries and central hall extends a corridor 14 feet wide, 
which opens on its north line into a series of private rooms, thirteen in number, 
designed for studios and smaller exhibition rooms. 

All the galleries and central hall are lighted from above; the pavilions and 
studios are lighted from the sides. The pavilions and central hall are designed 
especially for exhibitions of sculpture. 



44 



SPECIAL REGULATIONS 



Governing the Exhibition of Fine Arts at the International Exhibition 
OF Eighteen Hundred and Seventy-six, at Philadelphia. 



First — The Exhibition will be opened on the loth day of May, 1876, and 
closed on the loth day of November following. 

Second — Works of Art will be admitted for exhibition, whether previously 
exhibited or not. 

Third — Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto must be con- 
ducted with the Commission of the country of which the applicant is a citizen. 

Fourth — No charge will be made for space. 

Fifth — The admission of foreign works of Art to the Exhibition, except those 
referred to in Rule IX, will be left to the Commissions appointed by the respective 
governments. 

Sixth — Foreign packages for this department must be marked "Art Depart- 
ment," and addressed to the Commission for (name of Country) International 
Exhibition, Philadelphia, U. S. A. 

Seventh — The works of foreign artists will be placed in the care of the 
Commission of the country to which they belong. 

Eighth — Works of foreign artists, belonging to residents of the United States, 
will be admitted on the approval of the Committee of Selection, for exhibition in 
a special gallery. 

Ninth — Foreign Commissions will transmit to the Director-General prior to 
March ist, 1876, information concerning the works of Art to be exhibited by their 
citizens that may be necessary for the preparation of the Official Catalogue. 

Tenth — The installation of works of Art admitted to the Exhibition will be 
under the supervision of the Commissions of the country to which they belong. 

Eleventh — All work of Art must be of a high order of merit, and those 
produced by citizens of the United States will be admitted to the Exhibition only 
on the approval of the Committee of Selection. 



45 

Twelfth — Packages forwarded b)- exhibitors in the United States, for 
admission to this department, must be marked "Art Department, International 
Exhibition, Philadelphia." There must be also attached to the outside and inside 
of each package a label giving the name and address of the exhibitor, and the title 
and number of articles in the package. 

Thirteenth — All pictures, whether round or oval, should be placed in square 
frames. Excessive breadth in frames or projecting mouldings should be avoided. 
Shadow boxes will not be allowed to project more than one inch beyond the frame. 
Glass over Oil Paintings will not be permitted. 

Fourteenth — Works of Art intended for sale will be so designated in the 
Official Catalogue. 

Fifteenth — All works of Art must be in Philadelphia prior to April ist, 1876, 
and after having been admitted under the rules, shall not be removed before the 
close of the Exhibition. 

Sixteenth — Each person presenting works of Art for admission, thereby agrees 
to comply with the special rules established for this department and the general 
rules for the government of the Exhibition. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 
John L. Campbell, Director- Genera/. 

Secretary. 

March ist, 18 JS- 



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47 



MACHINERY BUILDING. 



This structure is located west of the intersection of Belmont and Elm Avenues, 
at a distance of 542 feet from the west front of the Main Exhibition Building, 
and 274 feet from the north side of Elm Avenue. The north front of the Building 
will be upon the same line as that of the Main Exhibition Building, thus presenting 
a frontage of 3,824 feet from the east to the west ends of the Exhibition Buildings 
upon the principal avenue within the grounds. 

The building consists of the Main Hall, 360 feet wide by 1,402 feet long, and 
an annex on the south side of 208 feet by 210 feet. The entire area covered by the 
Main Hall and annex is 558,440 square feet, or 12.82 acres. Including the upper 
floors the building provides 14 acres of floor space. 

The principal portion of the structure is one story in height, showing the main 
cornice upon the outside at 40 feet from the ground, the interior height to the top 
of the ventilators in the avenues being 70 feet, and in the aisles 40 feet. To break 
the long lines upon the exterior, projections have been introduced upon the four 
sides, and the main entrances finished with facades, extending to 78 feet in height. 
The east entrance will form the principal approach from street-cars, from the Main 
Exhibition Building, and from the railroad depot. Along the south side will be 
placed the boiler houses and such other buildings for special kinds of machinery as 
may be required. The west entrance affords the most direct communication with 
George's Hill, which point affords the best view of the entire Exhibition grounds. 

GROUND PLAN. 

The arrangement of the ground plan shows two main avenues 90 feet wide by 
1,360 feet long, with a central aisle between and an aisle on either side. Each aisle 
is 60 feet in width; the two avenues and three aisles making the total width of 360 
feet. At the centre of the building is a transept of 90 feet in width, which at the 
south end is prolonged beyond the Main Hall. This transept, beginning at ^6 feet 
from the Main Hall and extending 208 feet, is flanked on either side by aisles of 
60 feet in width, and forms the annex for hydraulic machines. The promenades in 
the avenues are 15 feet in width; in the transept 25 feet, and in the aisles 10 feet. 
All other walks extending across the building are 10 feet in width, and lead at 
either end to exit doors. 



48 

CONSTRUCTION. 

The foundations consist of piers of masonry. The superstructure consists of 
solid timber columns supporting roof trusses, constructed with straight wooden prin- 
cipals and wrought iron ties and struts. As a general rule the columns are placed 
lengthwise of the building, at the uniform distance apart of i6 feet. The columns 
are 40 feet high to the heel block of the 90 feet span roof trusses over the avenues, 
and they support the heel of the 60 feet spans over the aisles, at the height of 20 feet. 
The outer walls are built of masonry to a height of 5 feet, and above that are com- 
posed of glazed sash placed between the columns. Portions of the sash are movable 
for ventilation. Louvre ventilators are introduced in continuous lengths over both 
the avenues and the aisles. The building is lit entirely by side light, and stands 
lengthwise nearly east and west. 

SHAFTING. 

The building admits of the most complete system of shafting, the facilities in 
this respect being very superior. Eight main lines may be introduced, extending 
almost the entire length of the structure, and counter-shafts introduced into the 
aisles at any point. The hangers will be attached either to the wooden horizontal 
ties of the 60 feet span roof trusses, or to brackets especially designed for the pur- 
pose, projecting from the columns, in either case at the height of 20 feet from 
the floor. 

HYDRAULIC ANNEX. 

The annex for hydraulic machines contains a tank 60 feet by 160 feet, with 
depth of water of to feet. In connection with this it is expected that hydraulic 
machinery will be exhibited in full operation. At the south end of this tank will 
be a water fall 35 feet high by 40 feet wide, supplied from the tank by the pumps 
upon exhibition. 




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49 



HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. 



The liberal appropriations of the City of Philadelphia have provided the Horti- 
cultural Department of the Exhibition with an extremely ornate and commodious 
building, which is to remain in permanence as an ornament of Fairmount Park. It 
is located on the Lansdowne Terrace, a short distance north of the Main Building 
and Art Gallery, and has a commanding view of the Schuylkill River and the north- 
western portion of the city. The design is in the Mauresque style of architecture 
of the twelfth century, the principal materials externally being iron and glass. The 
length of the building is 383 feet; width, 193 feet, and height to the top of the 
lantern, 72 feet. 

The main floor is occupied by the central conservatory, 230 by 80 feet, and 55 feet 
high, surmounted by a lantern 170 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 14 feet high. Running 
entirely around this conservatory, at a height of 20 feet from the floor, is a gallery 5 
feet wide. On the north and south sides of this principal room are four forcing 
houses for the propagation of young plants, each of them 100 by 30 feet, covered 
with curved roofs of iron and glass. Dividing the two forcing houses in each of 
these sides is a vestibule 30 feet square. At the centre of the east and west ends 
are similar vestibules, on either side of which are the restaurants, reception room, 
offices, &c. From the vestibules ornamental stairways lead to the internal galleries 
of the conservatory, as well as to the four external galleries, each 100 feet long and 
■10 feet wide, which surmount the roofs of the forcing houses. These external gal- 
leries are connected with a grand promenade, formed by the roofs of the rooms on 
the ground floor, which has a superficial area of 1,800 square yards. 

The east and west entrances are approached by flights of blue-marble steps 
from terraces 80 by 20 feet, in the centre of each of which stands an open kiosque 
20 feet in diameter. The angles of the main conservatory are adorned with eight 
ornamental fountains. The corridors which connect the conservatory with the sur- 
rounding rooms open fine vistas in every direction. 

In the basement, which is of fire-proof construction, are the kitchen, store- 
rooms, coal-houses, ash-pits, heating arrangements, &c. 



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51 



AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. 



This structure will stand north of the Horticultural Building, and on the eastern 
side of Belmont Avenue. It will illustrate a novel combination of materials, and is 
capable of erection in a few months. Its materials are wood and glass. It consists 
of a long nave crossed by three transepts, both nave and transept being composed of 
Howe truss arches of a Gothic form. The nave is 820 feet in length by 125 feet in 
width, with a height of 75 feet from the floor to the point of the arch. The central 
transept is of the same height, and a breadth of 100 feet, the two end transepts 70 
feet high and 80 feet wide. 

The four courts enclosed between the nave and transepts, and also the four spaces 
at the corners of the building, having the nave and end transepts for two of their 
sides, will be roofed and form valuable spaces for exhibits. Thus the ground plan 
of the building will be a parallelogram of 540 by 820 feet, covering a space of 
above ten acres. In its immediate vicinity will be the stock yards for the exhibition 
of horses, cattle, sheep, swine, poultry, etc. 



This comprehensive system of building, viz. : 

Main Building, ... covering 21.47 acres. 

Art Gallery, - - _ covering 1.5 acres. 

Machinery Building, - - covering 14 acres. 

Horticultural Building, - covering 1.5 acres. 

Agricultural Building, - covering 10.15 acres, 

provides for the accommodation of the seven departments of the classification. 

There will be required, in addition to these buildings, a number of smaller 
structures for the administration of the Exhibition, all of which are now being de- 
signed with a view to their early erection. The preparation of the grounds allotted 
to the Commission in Fairmount Park and the construction of the various buildings 
are far advanced, and will be vigorously urged forward. Although the erection of 
the buildings and the grading of the Park were not commenced until July, 1874, 
the progress made to this date insures their timely completion on a scale and in a 
manner that Avill answer the requirements of the exhibition in every particular. 



52 

Besides the Exhibition buildings proper, numerous applications have been made 
by manufacturers, and by the commissions of foreign governments for permission to 
erect pavilions and various ornamental and useful structures within the Exhibition 
grounds. A number of fountains, memorial statues and other decorative objects 
are in preparation, under the auspices of local organizations. These adjuncts will 
add essentially to the attractions of the Park. 



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